This report is based on a one-day consultation attended by 35 experts with a broad range of experience in field missions with International Organizations and Non-governmental organizations in conflict zones experiencing significant human rights abuse of civilian populations. The objective of the consultation was to examine, informally, both intergovernmental and non-governmental experiments with medium to large-scale civilian unarmed monitoring in conflict situations, and whether expanding and improving the use of such monitoring missions could offer increased protection to civilian populations and moderate violent conflict. This analysis, and the consultation upon which it is based, focuses on large-scale missions with extended ground presence, as opposed to shorter investigative monitoring visits by human rights NGOs or governmental bodies. Sri Lank and Israel/Palestine are presented as case studies.