Patria’s Bribes in Egypt and the Balkans
Introduction Accused of foreign bribery in three different countries within a decade, Finland’s flagship arms manufacturer Patria, majority-owned by the
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political finance
Heckler & Koch’s G-36 Rifles in Mexico
Introduction Since the 1990s, German authorities had concerns that German small arms could be used to commit human rights violations
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Funding the Belgian Socialist Parties
Introduction On July 18, 1991, the retired Belgian politician André Cools, an influential Socialist figure and former deputy prime minister,
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The CDU Party Funding Scandal
Introduction The Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party funding scandal, which erupted in 1999, tarnished the reputation of legendary Chancellor Helmut
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Airbus Eurofighter Sales to Austria
Introduction Airbus’ checkered past has come under examination across a number of jurisdictions, but it may be one of the
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Brazil’s DCNS Submarine Contract
Introduction Operation Car Wash (“Lava Jato”), the sprawling investigation into public-sector corruption that brought down Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff, is
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Angolagate
Introduction The Angolagate scandal rocked the French political world when it came to light in 1999. It revealed a plot
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Gripen Combat Aircraft Sales to the Czech Republic and Hungary
Introduction Shortly after joining NATO in 1999, both the Czech Republic and Hungary started procurement processes to acquire new major
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L’affaire Karachi
Introduction A car bomb explosion in Karachi, Pakistan, on May 8, 2002, killed fourteen people, including 11 French nationals, employees
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German Submarine Sales to Portugal
See also: The Greek Submarine Deal. Introduction Submarine sales seem to be particularly prone to bribery. They are complex, once-in-a-generation
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