1. Which of the following control mechanisms is an example of an immediate cardiovascular adaptation mediated primarily through the autonomic nervous system?

a. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS) activation

b. Natriuretic peptides (ANP/BNP)

c. Vasopressin

d. Aortic baroreceptors

Answer

2. What are the responses to Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system activation in cardiovascular adaptation?

a. Vasodilation, decreased aldosterone release, excretion of sodium & water

b. Vasoconstriction, decreased aldosterone release, excretion of sodium & water

c. Vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, conservation of sodium & water

d. Vasodilation, aldosterone release, excretion of sodium & water

Answer

3. All of the following produce vasoconstriction, except…

a. Endothelin release

b. Carotid sinus activation

c. Vasopressin release

d. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system activation

Answer

4. In congestive heart failure, which of the following is reliably overproduced, causing a dilutional hyponatremia?

a. Vasopressin

b. Endothelin

c. Angiotensin II

d. Epinephrine

Answer

5. What is the physiologic effect of the natriuretic peptides ANP & BNP?

a. Catecholamine release

b. Increased blood pressure

c. Increased sodium & water excretion

d. Increased myocardial hypertrophy

Answer