Portland has leveraged a strong participatory civic culture to engage citizens in neighborhood and metropolitan planning, as well as students and faculty at Portland State University in a broad array of community-based learning projects. Its bicycle movement has placed greater stress in recent years on racial equity, and it has also had a robust watershed movement. Portland was among the first cities in the U.S. to join ICLEI in the global movement for city sustainability and was the first to develop a climate action plan.