Tufts University Medford-Somerville is now a Bee Campus USA!

TPI is excited to announce that we have reached our goal: Tufts University Medford-Somerville has become the first urban educational institution in Massachusetts to be certified as an affiliate of the Bee Campus USA program! Bee Campus USA is designed to marshal the strengths of educational campuses for the benefit of pollinators via the creation of pollinator habitat, service-learning projects, and educational programming.

Funded by the Tufts Green Fund in 2019, we created TPI as an ecological, educational, and collaborative effort to bolster pollinator health and promote community awareness on the Medford-Somerville campus. If you’ve been keeping up with our blog, you may have heard that we have planted three pollinator-friendly gardens on the Medford-Somerville campus, which provide forage for pollinators from May through October. In just one year, we reached over 2,000 people via public-facing events such as Tufts Community Day, workshops, lectures, and the recent screening of The Pollinators. We have also advised pollinator conservation efforts at other universities in the Boston Area (e.g. Lesley University, Northeastern University) as well as other Tufts campuses. In this year’s round of Green Fund projects, the Sustainability Committee at the School of Museum of Fine Arts (SMFA) at Tufts was awarded funds to create pollinator-friendly gardens on their Boston campus. We cannot wait to help the SMFA Sustainability Committee create signage and select plants for their gardens!

TPI members with Peter Nelson, director of The Pollinators, following our Pollinator Fair (complete with honey tasting!) and film screening.
Nick Dorian teaches young community members about which crops are pollinated by bees at Tufts Community Day.

Elizabeth Crone, Professor of Biology and TPI member, is excited about the opportunities for student research and service-learning with the Medford-Somerville gardens: “In the same way that National Parks were a new idea in the early 1900’s, urban pollinator gardens are the next frontier for conserving insect diversity in the 21st century.” Our on-campus pollinator gardens have already been integrated into a Tufts undergraduate-level course, “Insect Pollinators and Real-world Science,” where students visited a garden and created their own pollinator-specific planting guides. We are now working to create undergraduate research projects to survey pollinator biodiversity and the food resources (nectar and pollen) the gardens provide, and recently created an iNaturalist Project for community scientists interested in contributing biodiversity data.

Bee City USA and Bee Campus USA are initiatives of the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, a nonprofit organization based in Portland, Oregon, with offices across the country. Bee City USA’s mission is to galvanize communities and campuses to sustain pollinators by providing them with healthy habitat, rich in a variety of native plants, i.e. food resources for pollinators. Animal pollinators such as bumble bees, sweat bees, mason bees, honey bees, butterflies, moths, beetles, flies, hummingbirds and many others are responsible for the reproduction of almost ninety percent of the world’s flowering plant species. In fact, one in every three bites of food we consume is thanks to animal pollinators, specifically insects!

“The program aspires to make people more PC—pollinator conscious, that is,” said Scott Hoffman Black, Xerces’ executive director. “If lots of individuals and communities begin planting native, pesticide-free flowering trees, shrubs and perennials, it will help to sustain many, many species of pollinators.”

We would like to thank to the Tufts Green Fund for funding this project, the Garden Club of America for their support, and our current and past members for helping us toward our goal! As a certified Bee Campus USA, we will continue doing outreach, education, and research, and spreading the pollinator love!

TPI supports pollinators by cultivating native plants on the Medford-Somerville campus. Here, a monarch collects nectar from blazing star.

Lazy lawnmowers and landscape mullets

By Atticus Murphy

Maybe you’re the type of person who’s interested in nature but don’t know you can help. You live in a city or a suburb, with not much space and just a typical grassy lawn covering what space you have. Maybe you’ve also recently learned that insect pollinators like bees are crucial for our ecosystems but may be experiencing significant declines caused by habitat loss due to humans. What can you do to help, without breaking the bank or spending too much of your time on gardening?

 A lawn with a more and less frequently mowed portion on left and right respectively, showing the diversity of flowers that can emerge when given time to grow (Photo: Sue Pranskus). 

If this sounds like you, there’s a surprisingly simple option available to you: do less! Mowing grass lawns frequently (more than twice a month) is a good way to keep the grass cropped low and cut down on weeds. But this low, flowerless grass lawn is essentially a food desert for bees and other pollinators. Happily, studies have shown that if you simply mow a bit less, your once barren yard can become a buffet for bees in just a few short weeks. Simply shifting towards cutting your lawn every two or three weeks instead of once a week can greatly increase the number of bees and other pollinators that are able to forage there, as quick-blooming “weedy” flowers sprout up from the soil. Instead of treating weeds like unwanted invaders, to help save our native bee populations, treat them like welcomed guests! They’ll beautify your lawn for a few days at a time all throughout the growing season and they’ll do it for free. All it takes it giving them a bit more time between mowing to put up their flowers. 

If you enjoy using your lawn for outdoor activities or are required to maintain it at a certain length by local authorities, reducing your mowing frequency as much as you can within these limits is still a great way to help pollinators by giving flowers more of a chance to bloom before cutting them. Remember, this “lazy lawnmower” strategy for helping pollinators does not require drastic lifestyle changes: instead, it might be totally compatible with whatever uses you get out of your lawn now. Green grass can remain on your property for sitting, lying, and playing, and you can see significant numbers of new flowers all while still keeping your lawn looking well-kempt. If you’re concerned about appearances and don’t want to give over the front lawn to being taller, then consider only letting your back lawn grow out a little. Scientists have nicknamed this practice the “landscape mullet” because like the famous haircut, it’s longer at the back. Because pollinators are able to move around to locate flowers, they will be served just as well by a back lawn with flowers as they would a front lawn.

A monarch butterfly feeding on a mustard flower (family Brassicaceae) sprouting from a grassy lawn (Photo: Rachael Bonoan).

What types of flowers will spontaneously recruit in your lawn? It’s hard to say, and that’s part of the fun! In Massachusetts you might expect to see pollinator-friendly flowers like dandelions (Taraxacum species), clovers (Trifolium species), butter-and-eggs (Linaria vulgaris) and other quick-blooming, low-growing species, like the mustard pictured above. Many of these species may not be native to the U.S., but they are nevertheless great sources of nutrition for native pollinator species. So if you’re interested in helping pollinators but don’t want to make the leap into pollinator-friendly gardening just yet, getting a little lazy with lawn management and welcoming some weeds into your life is a great first step towards making your property a refuge for native insect pollinators. 

Social distancing with cellophane bees

Cellophane bees are very bad at social distancing. In early spring, hundreds to thousands of males and females aggregate on sandy soil and in pines and cedar trees. Males swarm females in large groups termed “mating balls” and, from each cluster, only one male will emerge victorious. Once mated, females get to business building nests. Though solitary, females work in a shared office space called a nesting aggregation for their three-week life. Sometimes, when a female gets bored, she’ll even dip into the nest of another female. Certainly, they do not keep six feet away from each other in the narrow tunnel of the nest. Don’t be like cellophane bees. Practice social distancing.

Cellophane bees are very bad at social distancing. Here, several males have swarmed a female and are competing for the chance to mate with her. PC: Colletes succinctus, Nigel Jones, Flickr

Nevertheless, observing cellophane bees is a great way to social distance while you’re at home and living your best #quarantinelife. In New England, you can find unequal cellophane bees (Colletes inaequalis) nesting in your backyard in late-March/early-April, provided the sod isn’t too thick. Watching cellophane bees be cellophane bees can be a fun distraction. And don’t worry about getting stung since they are quite docile. Here’s a short video to help you get started finding your own cellophane bee nests. If you do find some, take a photo and get in touch! We’d love to hear what you find.

Female cellophane bees nest in close proximity. Each turret of sand marks the entrance to a nest. PC: N. Dorian