Multistakeholder Diplomacy: Building a Cybersecurity Regime
The Center for International Law and Governance at the Fletcher School at Tufts University has commenced a research project to inform and guide the growth of multistakeholder diplomacy toward the development of an international cyber security regime. The overall goal of this project is to focus scholarship on multistakeholder cyber-diplomacy, and its capacity to develop useful norms for cyberspace. Working with high-level cybersecurity experts, including ambassadors, executives, and NGO leaders, this project seeks to formulate institutions and processes for multistakeholder diplomacy to formulate and implement norms to ameliorate geopolitical risk in cyberspace.
Pivotal processes under the aegis of the United Nations — the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) and the Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) — are seeking to develop “norms, rules and principles of responsible state behavior” in cyberspace. With different mandates (and constituencies), both the OEWG and UN GGE have been tasked with moving forward on rule-making in cyberspace and submitted their final reports to the UN General Assembly in 2021. Other processes include the Paris Call and the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace. While the ultimate outcome of these processes is uncertain, the coming months and years offer an opportunity for stakeholders not only to assist states in understanding their interests in cooperation with respect to cyberspace governance, but also to promote national, regional and international rule-making to achieve national goals.
Conference Agenda
Thursday, June 24 2021
Session I. 8:30 – 8:50 am Introduction
- Welcoming remarks by Dean of The Fletcher School, Rachel Kyte
- Opening remarks by Co-Directors of the Center for International Law and Governance, Ian Johnstone and Joel Trachtman
- Review Ground Rules by Design Practice
Session II. 8:50 – 9:50 am The normative landscape
- Moderator: Josephine Wolff, Associate Professor of Cybersecurity, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University
- Opening
remarks on norms processes: what would you do differently?
- Guilherme Patriota, Chair, UN Group of Governmental Experts on Advancing Responsible State Behaviour in Cyberspace in the Context of International Security (2019-21)
- Gwenda Fong, Assistant Chief Executive, Cyber Security Agency of Singapore
- Nathalie Jaarsma, Ambassador-at-Large, Security Policy & Cyber, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, The Hague, Netherlands
- Olaf Kolkman, Principal – Internet Technology, Policy, and Advocacy, Internet Society
- Marina Kaljurand, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs and MEP, Estonia
Session III. 10:00 – 11:00 am Distribution of interests and power among the stakeholders
- Moderator: Arun Mohan Sukumar, PhD Candidate, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University
- Opening remarks:
- Arindrajit Basu, Research Manager, Centre for Internet and Society, Bengaluru
- Chris Painter, Former Coordinator for Cyber Issues, US Department of State
- Lang Ping, Deputy Head, Department of International Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), Beijing
- Andrey A. Shcherbovich, O’Brien and IIE-Scholar Rescue Fund Research Fellow, McGill University
- Carlos Affonso Souza, Director, Instituto de Tecnologia e Sociedade do Rio de Janeiro, ITS Rio
Friday, June 25
Session IV. 8:30 am – 9:30 am Factors that contribute to legitimacy
- Moderator: John Hering, Senior Government Affairs Manager, Digital Diplomacy, Microsoft
- Discussion questions:
- Opening
remarks:
- Abdul-Hakeem Ajijola, Member, African Union Cybersecurity Experts Group
- Lt Gen Rajesh Pant, National Cyber Security Coordinator, Prime Minister’s Office, India [TBC]
- Allison Pytlak, Programme Manager, Reaching Critical Will (RCW), Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom
Session V. 9:40 – 11:00 am Institutional arrangements for norm formulation
- Moderator: Joel Trachtman, Henry J. Braker Professor of Law, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University
- Opening
remarks:
- Michele Markoff, Deputy Coordinator for Cyber Issues in the Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Affairs, United States Department of State
- Briony Daley Whitworth, Assistant Director, Cyber Affairs & Critical Technology Branch, DFAT, Australia
- Anastasiya Kazakova, Senior Public Affairs Manager, Kaspersky
- Breakout Sessions – 15 minutes
Saturday, June 26
Session VI. 8:30 – 9:50 am Institutional arrangements for norm implementation
- Moderator: Ian Johnstone, Professor of International Law, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University
- Opening
remarks:
- Ron Bushar, Global Government CTO, FireEye
- Takeshi Akahori, Ambassador for United Nations Affairs and Cyber Policy, Deputy Assistant Minister, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
- Amir Sagie, Cyber Affairs Coordinator, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Israel
- Breakout Sessions – 15 minutes
Session VII. 10:00 – 11:00 am Conclusion and recommendations
- Opening remarks
- Discussants
Conference Participants
| Abdul-Hakeem Ajijola | Member, African Union Cybersecurity Experts Group |
| Allison Pytlak | Programme Manager, Reaching Critical Will (RCW), Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom |
| Amir Sagie | Cyber Affairs Coordinator, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Israel |
| Anastasiya Kazakova | Senior Public Affairs Manager, Kaspersky |
| Andrey A. Shcherbovich | O’Brien and IIE-Scholar Rescue Fund Research Fellow, McGill University |
| Annalaura Gallo | Spokesperson, Cybersecurity Tech Accord |
| Arindrajit Basu | Research Manager, Centre for Internet and Society, Bengaluru |
| Briony Daley Whitworth | Assistant Director, Cyber Affairs & Critical Technology Branch, DFAT, Australia |
| Carlos Affonso Souza | Director, Instituto de Tecnologia e Sociedade do Rio de Janeiro, ITS Rio |
| Chris Painter | Former Coordinator for Cyber Issues, US Department of State |
| Christian Perrone | Coordinator (Rights and Technology Group) ITS Rio |
| Courtney Fung | Associate Professor, University of Hong Kong |
| David Koh | Commissioner of Cybersecurity and Chief Executive of the Cyber Security Agency (CSA) of Singapore |
| Dennis Broeders | Full Professor of Global Security and Technology, Leiden University; Senior Fellow, The Hague Program for Cyber Norms |
| Duncan Hollis | Laura H. Carnell Professor of Law at Temple Law School, Philadelphia |
| Guilherme Patriota | Chair, UN Group of Governmental Experts on Advancing Responsible State Behaviour in Cyberspace in the Context of International Security (2019-21); Consul General of Brasil in Mumbai, India. |
| Gwenda Fong | Assistant Chief Executive, Cyber Security Agency of Singapore |
| John Hering | Senior Government Affairs Manager, Digital Diplomacy, Microsoft |
| Kaja Ciglic | Senior Director, Digital Diplomacy, Microsoft |
| Keren Shahar | Senior Deputy Legal Advisor, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Israel |
| Lang Ping | Senior Fellow, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |
| Lt Gen Rajesh Pant | National Cyber Security Coordinator, Prime Minister’s Office, India |
| Marina Kaljurand | Former Minister of Foreign Affairs and MEP, Estonia |
| Michele Markoff | Deputy Coordinator for Cyber Issues in the Office of the Coordinator for Cyber Affairs, United States Department of State |
| Nathalie Jaarsma | Ambassador-at-Large, Security Policy & Cyber, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, The Hague, Netherlands |
| Olaf Kolkman | Principal – Internet Technology, Policy, and Advocacy, Internet Society |
| Olga Cavalli | Co-founder and Academic Director, (South School on Internet Governance, Argentina School on Internet Governance); former member of the IGF Multistakeholder Advisory Group (2007-2015) |
| Paul Ash | Prime Minister’s Special Representative on Cyber and Digital, New Zealand. |
| Ron Bushar | Global Government CTO, FireEye |
| Stacy O’Mara | Director, Government Affairs, FireEye |
| Takeshi Akahori | Ambassador for United Nations Affairs and Cyber Policy, Deputy Assistant Minister, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan |
| Tan Yaling | Research Fellow, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing |
Conference Conveners
| Ian Johnstone | Professor of International Law, The Fletcher School |
| Joel Trachtman | Henry J. Braker Professor of Law, The Fletcher School |
| Josephine Wolff | Associate Professor of Cybersecurity, The Fletcher School |
| Arun Sukumar | PhD Candidate, The Fletcher School |
Thank you to Microsoft for their sponsorship of this project.