Museum Studies at Tufts University

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Museum Job Roundup 11/6/23

Welcome to the weekly roundup! We do our best to collect the latest job openings and welcome submissions from the community. For more opportunities, we recommend the following databases:

Featured Job

Collections Manager at The Bass Museum (Miami Beach, FL)

Full Time, yearly salary $50-60k

The Bass, Miami Beach’s contemporary art museum, seeks a full-time Collections Manager. The Collections Manager is a key member of the Curatorial and Exhibitions team supporting the documentation, care, and presentation of the permanent collection and loans for temporary exhibitions. Key responsibilities include the management of transportation of works of art, applying experience with insurance papers, contracts, and associated legal documentation. The Collections Manager communicates efficiently with a range of constituents at the Museum and beyond while multitasking responsibilities and commitments. The Collections Manager will apply best museum practices for archiving, storing, and maintaining works of art. For a full description of this position and applicaiton information, please see the listing on our website: https://thebass.org/jobs/

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Mother Love: Feminization of Water Moon Guanyin at the Boston MFA

“Guanyin, Bodhisattva of Compassion,” on display at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, is a sculpture made of painted and gilded paulownia wood, produced in about 1200 AD during the Jin dynasty in China [1]. 1200 AD was a complex period in which the southern rulers were Southern Song emperors, and the north of China was seen as Jin. This sculpture of Guanyin may reflect the possibility that Buddhism and Bodhisattva were worshiped by more and more people at this tense time due to wars and social instability, and Guanyin sculptures naturally became numerous. However, since Buddhism or Bodhisattva was introduced to China during the 1st century BC from India, the birthplace of Buddhism, Bodhisattva was widely worshiped. Many Buddhist temples had statues and sculptures of the Bodhisattva and Buddha to receive prayers and offerings, especially during the Song and Jin periods [2]. This sculpture of Bodhisattva manufactured in the Jin/Southern Song period embodies feminine characters, revealing the feminization of Guanyin in Chinese history.

“Guanyin, Bodhisattva of Compassion” has soft feminine features and clothing. The appearance of this Guanyin is stunning as people walk in front of it. Taken as a whole, the bodhisattva seems like a gentle and benevolent female figure with downcast eyes, their smiling face peaceful and benign. The wooden sculpture is lighter than some stone sculptures, better suited to be placed high in the interior of Buddhist temples for people to revere and worship. Isolated in the privacy of a temple room in its original context, people could directly communicate with Guanyin. For eight hundred years, Guanyin gazed down from above, compassionate, forgiving, and sympathetic to all living beings. The bodhisattva wears a high bun hairstyle and a crown with an Amitabha Buddha, with a recess in the forehead that may hold a semi-precious stone or jewel [3]. Serene and graceful, they are elegantly dressed in several gorgeous necklaces on the upper body, draped with green flowing silk cape conveying a sense of ease, in a skirt painted red and decorated with green cloth at the waist. Nevertheless, their sexuality is barely recognizable with no obvious sexual characteristics when the chest is exposed, perhaps meaning that they could be male, female, or even nonbinary. 

As stated by the object label, the sitting position indicates this sculpture should be the central figure of a larger “Water-Moon Guanyin” [4] Although the water and moon are not displayed physically, the gesture might suggest that they sit on a lotus seat in the water. With the right leg bent and the left leg hung, the Bodhisattva sits in a relaxed manner, gazing at the reflection of the moon in the water, which reminds the viewers of the Buddhist teaching that all phenomena are illusory [5]. The elements water and moon are counted as female symbols in scholarly analysis, which accords with my recognition of traditional Chinese culture as well [6].

The special feature of this sculpture of Bodhisattva is that the Guanyin seems to own both a feminine face and a masculine or nonsexual body, which could be regarded as a transition of Bodhisattva from originally a male to a female figure in the spread of Buddhism and the process of Sinicization in China. The reasons for this feminization of Bodhisattva were complicated, according to Yu Chun-fang’s book of Kuanyin. As compassion was considered a maternal virtue in Chinese tradition, it appeared to be quite reasonable that a “Bodhisattva of Compassion” could be female [7]. 

“Guanyin, Bodhisattva of Compassion” in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts is astonishingly beautiful and remarkably calming, with distinct feminine characteristics and decorative elements of water and moon, despite a genderless torso. This displays the transformation process of feminizing the Bodhisattva when integrating it into Chinese culture.


[1] Object Label, Guanyin, Bodhisattva of Compassion (Museum of Fine Arts: Boston). 

[2] Ibid. 

[3] Ibid.

[4] Ibid. 

[5] Ibid. 

[6] Yu, Chun-fang. Kuanyin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokitesvara (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), 418.

[7] Yu, Kuanyin, 414.

 

The Met, Manet, and the “Scandal” in the Great Hall

The Metropolitan Museum of Art (referred to as the Met) is a traditional art museum founded in 1870 by artists and the elite of New York City. The stairs one must climb to simply get in always reminded me of some kind of art centered pilgrimage. In college, this was a place of wonder, a safe haven, and the ideal place to cry in public on a Thursday morning (a story for another time). But lately, this legacy of prestige and tradition is at odds with the most recent Great Hall commission by artist Jacolby Satterwhite. The Met has a long history of picking and choosing when they make statements about their operations, support of different communities, provenance challenges, and when long held beliefs about what a museum is and should be are challenged. 

The latest addition to this history of controversy is “A Metta Prayer”, a video installation piece by Satterwhite, that takes the concept of the Buddhist metta prayer and turns it into an affirmation of self. Satterwhite is a black, queer artist who is interested in the intersection of humanity and the digital world. “Metta Prayer” is an audio/visual experience in which 3D scans of himself, dancers, drag wrestlers, Solange Knowles, and even a selection of objects from the Met’s collection have been made to move and interact like a video game playthrough. There is a soundtrack as well, described by the New York Times as “an acid house beat”. This would all seem like a harmless enough display for the city of New York, but many parents in the Upper East Side neighborhood have been raising concerns over the words and imagery that children are exposed to as they see the piece. Many have claimed the costumes worn by the performers to be satanic, and the use of the word “fuck” to be inappropriate for a museum. But perhaps the most ironic thing about this whole situation is that parents are up in arms about a new piece of art but are completely fine and even excited to take their children into the Manet/Degas exhibition only a few galleries away. 

Inside the exhibition is perhaps one of the most scandalous paintings of the 19th century: Manet’s “Olympia”. When it first debuted at the Salon in 1865, it drew ire from the public. The pose and setup of the image was akin to a traditional reclining Venus (think Titian’s “Venus of Urbino”) but the woman is clearly a courtesan and she is staring directly at the viewer, as if to make them uncomfortably aware she knows they are looking. In 1865 this was the most salacious thing to be put on the Salon walls – this woman was not a reflection of the goddess Venus; she was a prostitute. Even though most models for painters at the time were sex workers, keeping the visual cues of what she was paid for (the flowers, robe, etc.). Viewers at the time were so up in arms about the work that extra security had to be brought in so that fights would stop breaking out. However, this painting is now best known as a masterpiece by a forward-thinking artist. The image is a nude woman that is aware she is being watched. The questions this all leaves me to ponder are the following: how much time does a work need to go from scandalous to inventive? Why is it that parents view nude paintings on the walls of the Met as educational and classy, yet this new piece (which does not show any breasts or genitals) as “satanic” and “trying to indoctrinate children”? 

The closest I have come to a real answer to either came from some excellent points made by TikTok user @meelzonart in a video that points out all the parallels of scandal between the two pieces. My biggest takeaway from this whole situation is that there is no real answer to these questions; there is only context and framing. When “Olympia” first debuted, she was seen as a blight to art. However, since we now experience her within the context of world-renowned art museums, she must be a great piece and have greater meaning. But meaning also comes with age and reflection. In a world that is full of crop tops, “booty enhancing” leggings, and more exposed bodies seen regularly by the public, the scandal of “Olympia” seems almost trivial, like an exposed ankle in the Victorian era. But with the more modern context of video games, queerness, and the emphasis on making POC voices heard in the museum, perhaps the reflection of the world in “Metta Prayer” is an uncomfortable confrontation between modernity and the more traditional hallowed space of the museum. Maybe Satterwhite has just given us a new “Olympia”. 

Going Batty –  A Review of Bats! At the Peabody Essex Museum

Those making their annual pilgrimage to the Witch City this year should make time in between the ghost tours and psychics to visit the Peabody Essex Museum (PEM), located in the heart of Salem, Massachusetts. Though Boston-area residents are often familiar with PEM’s excellent exhibits and programming, visitors might be drawn to spookier attractions. However, one of PEM’s fall exhibits focuses on one of our favorite flying Halloween friends. Bats! provides a family friendly exploration of the often unjustly maligned and misunderstood creatures.

The exhibition was organized and produced by ExplorationWorks! and Build 4 Impact Inc. with assistance from The Dotty Brown Art & Nature Center.  Bats! takes an interdisciplinary approach which explores bats in art, science, technology, and cultures across the world. Exhibition curator and Sarah Fraser Robbins Director of the Art & Nature Center, Janey Winchell, states in an interview with PEM that most people know relatively little about bats, but that regardless of their opinion on or experiences with bats, “[…] once people are in the exhibition, they will discover things that relate to them in their own lives.” As a long-time nature nerd and bat lover, I had to see the exhibit for myself and the Peabody Essex didn’t disappoint! 

The exhibit is laid out in a non-linear fashion which helped avoid overcrowding in areas of the exhibit space and allowed visitors to explore at their own pace. The exhibit space is broken up by a series of temporary gallery walls, which created unique spaces within the exhibit while still allowing for wheelchair accessibility. Like many other visitors, I entered the exhibit and moved through it mainly clockwise. Ecological and biological facts on bats alternate with art and objects. I enjoyed that the exhibit text included abundant pictures of bats to illustrate concepts while visually pleasing.

Interactives are abundant in this exhibit and hit the rare mark of being engaging for all age levels. Some interactives are simple, such as flip boards for true and false bat facts and “bats around the world.” The bats around the world interactive is interesting and engaging but the text was small and difficult to read. The focal point of the exhibit is a live bat interactive featuring Egyptian Fruit Bats. The bats can be viewed from outside or by crawling in and looking up from inside a plastic bubble. Visitors of all ages enthusiastically crawled through the interactive. Grown adults without children were excited by the prospect of looking up from the tunnel at the bats. However, incorporating living beings into an exhibit always raises issues and questions. The bats weren’t very active and were all huddled together in the corner of the enclosure. True or not, this gave the impression that the bats are not pleased with their current situation. It also made it difficult for visitors to spot them. PEM seems to have anticipated some concern from visitors, including a label, “Frequently Asked Questions About the Bat Colony.” The label clarifies how the bats are cared for and where they came from…to an extent. The label states that the bats are from “Indiana Wild, a conservation and education organization.” I think it would be beneficial to clarify how that organization came to have the bats, whether they were seized from animal trafficking or born in captivity, and why it is not possible to release them. As a visitor, these were questions I had as I grappled with the ethics of displaying live animals. However, the impact of this interactive display cannot be overstated. Visitors connected with bats on a level that would be difficult to achieve otherwise. 

Another popular, but less controversial interactive is a table game which represents the threats to bats’ survival. Two partners must tilt a table to shift a ball through a maze, avoiding holes that represent challenges facing bats. This is a novel interactive unlike any I’ve seen in previous exhibits. The game is well designed, both fun and informative. I learned more than a few things about the threats facing Flying Foxes. For example, I had no idea that farmers internationally poisoned fruit to control predation of their crops! Other interactives include comparing human, bat, and bird bones on a magnetic board and making folded paper bats. The exhibit balances textual elements with interactives nicely, resulting in a dynamic exhibit appealing to visitors of all ages and experience.

The textual elements of the exhibit are just as engaging as the spectacular interactives. One section of the exhibit covered perceptions of bats across space and time, covering Africa, Asia, and the Americas. I overheard one visitor remark on the perception of bats in China, “Bats are considered lucky! I didn’t know that!” Other visitors enjoyed the section on bats in pop-culture, flipping through a series of posters featuring bats in movies and television. My personal favorite as a fan of folklore and history was the section on how European stigma and superstition surrounding bats formed. Spooky 17th century woodcuts of witches and demons with bat wings certainly felt appropriate for the season! “Which Came First the Bat or the Vampire?” explored the enduring connection between bats and European vampire lore. The labels explained complex concepts from culture, religion, and folklore at an accessible level which kept clear of judgment.

If the goal of Bats! is to challenge the stigma around the animal, it’s certainly a success. Two PEM interns acting as docents for the exhibit, Charlotte and Martha, stated that the exhibit has seen up to 1,000 visitors a day, with the lowest attendance still being 200. Charlotte, a student at Endicott College stated, “I generally hear positive feedback […] bats tend to be stigmatized and people’s perceptions of bats have changed positively.” Martha added that people can leave feedback on the exhibit in a notebook near the exit. Flipping through the notebook, I saw glowing reviews of the exhibit, exclamations of love for bats, and even fun bat cartoons! One visitor remarked, “10/10 recommend. respectfully want to boop the bats nose.” I can think of no greater endorsement than a nose boop! The exhibition, Bats!, attempts a multicultural and interdisciplinary exploration of bats in a relatively small package and it succeeds.


Bats! Curator Interview, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbJXURbdsec.
 
Peabody Essex Museum. “Bats!” Accessed October 22, 2023. https://www.pem.org/exhibitions/bats.
 
Peabody Essex Museum. “Meet Winged Creatures of the Night in PEM’s Fall Exhibition, Bats!,” July 31, 2023. https://www.pem.org/press-news/meet-winged-creatures-of-the-night-in-pems-fall-exhibition-bats.
 
Rubino, Tony. Love Hate Bat, 2019. Acrylic on canvas. Photograph by Madeline Smith. 
 

Article by: Madeline Smith

MA Candidate, History and Museum Studies

Tufts University ’24

 

 

Museum Job Roundup 10/23/23

Welcome to the weekly roundup! We do our best to collect the latest job openings and welcome submissions from the community. For more opportunities, we recommend the following databases:

Featured Job

Curatorial Assistant at Morven Museum & Garden (Princeton, NJ)

$25 an hour, part-time, 24 hours a week

Morven Museum & Garden has an immediate opening for a part-time, temporary curatorial assistant. The successful candidate will work alongside the curators to continue a robust exhibit schedule and maintain the museum collection. This is a 12-month, part-time position working on site. To apply, please send a cover letter & resume to jobs@morven.org  by November 3, 2023. For a full description of this position please see the listing on our website: https://www.morven.org/jobs/curatorial-assistant

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