The City of Boston’s official website reports that TOTAL greenhouse gas emissions are 5.4 million metric tons of CO2e, but this is misleading, because it excludes aviation and Logan Airport.
Image source: City of Boston (2024): https://www.boston.gov/departments/environment/bostons-carbon-emissions. Text box by the author.
Separately, Logan Airport reports aviation emissions of 0.5 million metric tons of CO2e, but this is misleading, because it counts only emissions up to 3000 feet of altitude (essentially counting emissions only for takeoff and landing but not the majority of the flight in between).
Image source: City of Boston (2024): https://www.boston.gov/departments/environment/bostons-carbon-emissions. Text box by the author.
The true Logan Airport emissions for aviation, based on jet fuel sales, are 4.3 million metric tons of CO2e, which is much larger relative to total Boston emissions than most people realize.
Image source: City of Boston (2024): https://www.boston.gov/departments/environment/bostons-carbon-emissions. Text box by the author.
This video gives the story.
At Long Wharf in Boston, we discuss the greenhouse gas emissions of Logan Airport, across the harbor. At one point, a Red Rebel from Extinction Rebellion silently walks by.
There’s a tension–some say a contradiction–between institutions of higher education championing far-reaching reductions in carbon dioxide emissions and simultaneously participating, directly and indirectly, in large amounts of air travel in the name of the advancement of knowledge.This opens up academics to charges of hypocrisy–from the public and from fellow academics. Many scholars are well aware of the contradiction, but find it hard to give up their high-flying ways for reasons of professional well-being.
As various analysts have pointed out, the contradiction is inherent to a large degree in the culture of higher education, particularly among wealthy institutions. One manifestation of this is the persistence of courses and programs that rely on high-emitting, long-distance air travel. (The School for International Training’s International Honors Program is a particularly blatant example.)
How to change this culture is something that Flying Less supporters have long struggled with–individually and collectively. It is, thus, inspiring to find examples of people making positive changes within their institutions and illuminating another path for students.
In that spirit, we share with you (below) an article by Mark Rhodes, an assistant professor of geography at Michigan Technological University. Originally published three days ago in the U.S. edition of The Conversation, the article tells the story of a fascinating summer course that he designed and led on sustainability, tourism, and urban planning. Much of the course unfolds on the rails of the U.S. train system (Amtrak).
Students ride the rails in this course to learn about sustainability and tourism
Amtrak’s California Zephyr at Book Cliffs, Utah, USA, May 2021. Photo by Carter Pape. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
As a geographer, I wanted to offer a summer study abroad program on sustainability. However, it wouldn’t make sense to design a sustainability program that includes flying abroad due to planes’ excessive carbon footprint. Alternatively, Amtrak’s diesel-powered trains reduce per person carbon dioxide emissions by 40% compared with flying.
Aside from an environmental lens, I also wanted students to learn about sustainability from economic and social perspectives. During the program, students use only public transit, stay in locally owned lodgings and eat at locally sourced restaurants.
Combine my love of Amtrak with a desire to get students out of the classroom, and we found ourselves riding across the country to learn about sustainable tourism, landscapes and urban and regional planning.
What does the course explore?
Over the course of three weeks, students visit six locations, with overnight train rides between each ranging from 16-24 hours. The days are broken up into lessons on observing landscape and land use, sustainable tourism and urban deindustrialization, with at least an hour of class time on each train ride.
Destinations serve as living laboratories for our students. Classes in some cities, such as Galesburg, Illinois, or Sacramento, California, lean more heavily on exploring the cities’ industrial histories, also known as industrial heritage. In cities such as Portland, Oregon, or Glenwood Springs, Colorado, which experience large influxes of visitors every year, we focus more on tourism and planning.
Why is this course relevant now?
The federal government is investing billions of dollars to create a “new era of rail” in the United States.
The course appeals to millennial and Gen Z students who are increasingly concerned about the climate crisis and continued carbon emissions. The experience gives students real-world examples of how they can make a difference, such as through engaging with public officials and changing small habits in how they travel.
What’s a critical lesson from the course?
Tourism will not save a community.
While staying in Glenwood Springs in Colorado, students complete an assignment about “destination tourism” – when tourism becomes the primary driver or economic base of a region. Students ride the country’s only rapid rural bus transit systems “up valley” to Aspen. On the bus, they come to understand what they’ve read in the “The Slums of Aspen,” a book about how the elite ski town passed a resolution that pushed out their immigrant workers, who live farther and farther “down valley” due to gentrification but still work in Aspen.
Once students arrive in Aspen – during the offseason, in May – they find a polished ghost town full of Prada, Dior and other high-end fashion stores and highly manicured city parks. After returning to Glenwood Springs, they reflect on the differences between the cities in terms of housing costs, sustainability and tourism labor. They also walk away with a more critical eye toward water access, the seasonality of labor, public transportation availability and Indigenous rights in our college’s own area – the Keweenaw Peninsula.
With about 100 hours aboard Amtrak trains, I also assign students podcasts such as “99% Invisible” and “Working Class History.” I often see students on the train listening to podcasts with their headphones and writing journal entries that are due every time we arrive at a new hotel.
What will the course prepare students to do?
After finishing this course, the students – who are predominantly from rural areas in Michigan – have a better understanding of how and why they can use public transportation in their daily lives and travels. They also have a greater understanding of the positive and negative impacts of tourism on a place, particularly in postindustrial communities, and how they can be more intentional tourists themselves. Ultimately, they learn how they, as travelers and community members, can contribute to a more sustainable and equitable future.
The University of Washington (located in Seattle, Washington, USA) has made considerable strides to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions in relation to its buildings, commuting to and from campus, and food—among other areas. The one area the University has not addressed is air travel
As part of the effort to begin trying to figure out how to deal with air travel, the University’s sustainability office (UW Sustainability) held a webinar on April 16, 2024. (The video recording is below.) The webinar explores why reducing air travel is necessary to tackle climate change, matters of climate injustice, and how universities can and should address associated challenges.
The one-hour event features Jeremy Hess, Director of the UW Center for Health and the Global Environment (CHanGE); Jamie Mayerfeld, Professor of Political Science & Adjunct Professor in Law, Societies, & Justice; and Marilyn Ostergren, UW Sustainability. Lisa Dulude, Director of UW Sustainability, facilitates the question-and-answer period.
